Functions: There are eight different forms of biotin, but only one,
D-biotin, has full vitamin activity. It is vital for the production of energy
from carbohydrates and fats, and for healthy skin and hair. It forms part of
several enzyme systems and is necessary for normal growth and body function.
It plays a key role in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.
Deficiency: Human biotin deficiency is extremely rare. Deficiency
symptoms include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, glossitis, pallor, mental
depression, dry scaly dermatitis and, after long-lasting, severe biotin
deficiency, hair loss (alopecia). Biotin is extremely important in animal
production. Spontaneous biotin deficiency has resulted in heavy losses in
certain livestock species. Biotin is therefore added to feed mixes for
poultry, pigs and fish in order to ensure optimal growth, healthy skin and
bones and efficient reproduction.
Production: Commercial synthesis of biotin is based on a method
developed by Goldberg and Sternbach in 1949 and using fumaric acid as a
starting material. This technique produces a pure D-biotin which is identical
to the natural product.
Product forms: DSM Nutritional Products supplies D-biotin as a pure
crystalline powder and in a spray-dried form for animal nutrition.
