Salmonids: Nervous disorders, hyperirritability, anorexia, rapid onset of rigor mortis, ataxia, edema of peritoneal cavity, excessive flexing of opercules, erratic and rapid swimming, greenish-blue coloration of skin, anemia, rapid and gasping breathing, reduced liver aspartate aminotransferase activity; reduced muscle lipid in Atlantic salmon (McLaren et al., 1947; Phillips and Brockway, 1957; Halver, 1957; Kitamura et al., 1967a; Coats and Halver, 1958; Smith et al., 1974; Jürss, 1978; Hardy et al., 1979, 1987; Jürss et al., 1988; Albrektsen et al., 1993, 1994; Lall and Weerakoon, 1990). Salinity was found to exacerbate the effect of vitamin B6 deficiency in rainbow trout (Jürss et al., 1988).
Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis): Anorexia, poor growth, high mortality, hemorrhage, dark coloration, mild exophthalmia, abnormal edema, erratic swimming (Kanazawa, 1991).
Red sea bream (Pagrus major): Poor growth (Yone, 1975).
Eel (Anguilla japonica): Anorexia, poor growth, nervous disorders (Arai et al., 1972).
Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata): Anorexia, reduced growth, nervous disorder, high mortality, injury at mouth and rostrum regions, exophthalmia, scoliosis, ataxia, convulsions, epileptiform fits (Sakaguchi et al., 1969; Shimeno, 1991).
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Anorexia, poor growth, nervous disorders, anemia, leucopenia (Ogino, 1965; Sakthi Vel et al., 1990).
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): Anorexia, nervous disorders, erratic swimming, opercule extension, tetany, blue-green coloration of dorsal surface (Dupree, 1966; Andrews and Murai, 1979).
Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus): Poor growth, increased mortality, eroded barbels, nervous disorders, loss of equilibrium, rapid onset of rigor mortis, erratic swimming, eroded fins and lower jaw, rapid breathing (Butthep et al., 1985).
Freshwater catfish or Pla douk uey (Thailand) (Clarias macrocephalus): loss of balance, muscle spasms, nervous disorders, increased mortality (Sitasit et al., 1991).
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus): Anorexia, ataxia, increased mortality, edema (Shiau and Hsieh, 1997).
Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus x O. niloticus): Anorexia, neurologic disorders, convulsions, muscle spasms, increase mortality, caudal fin erosion, mouth lesions (Lim et al., 1995).
Turbot (Psetta maxima): Reduced growth (Adron et al., 1978).
Gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus): Anorexia, poor growth, high mortality, hyperirritability, erratic abnormal swimming, poor feed efficiency, body lesions (Kissil et al., 1981; Morris et al., 1995); increased disease resistance (fish fed low levels displaying elevated hematocrit and plasma glucose levels when stressed by repeated netting (Morris and Davies, 1995a).
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer): Anorexia, reduced growth, surface swimming, avoidance of schooling, erratic spiral swimming, lesions of lower lip, high mortality, convulsions, reduced food conversion ratio (Wanakowat et al., 1989).
Spotted snakehead (Channa punctata): Reduced growth, ataxia, hyperirritability, muscle spasms, anorexia, erratic swimming, scale loss, edema, abnormal pigmentation, lens opacity and blindness (Agrawal and Mahajan, 1983).
Japanese parrot fish (Oplegnthus faciatus): Anorexia and reduced growth (Ikeda et al., 1988).
Tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes): Anorexia and reduced growth (Kato et al., 1994).
Shrimp (Penaeus japonicus): Reduced growth and survival (Deshimaru and Kuroki, 1979; Kanazawa, 1985).
Shrimp (Penaeus monodon): Histopathologic changes in the midgut cells (Catacutan and De La Cruz, 1989).
