Salmonids: Anorexia, reduced growth, increased mortality, poor feed efficiency, blue-slime disease (brook trout only), lesions in the colon, muscle atrophy, spastic convulsions, degenerative gill lamellae, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the gill tissue, fusion of the secondary gill lamellae, reduced hepatic acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase activities, lipid infiltration of liver, glycogen-type vacuoles in the liver, degeneration of pancreatic acinar cells (McLaren et al., 1947; Phillips and Brockway, 1947; Halver, 1957; Poston and McCartney, 1974; Poston, 1976b; Castledine et al., 1978; Poston and Page, 1982; Walton et al., 1984; Mæland et al., 1998).
Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica): Poor growth, dark coloration, abnormal swimming behavior (Arai et al., 1972).
Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata): Hemorrhage in stomach and intestine, ataxia (Shimeno, 1991).
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Reduced growth and activity, increased number of dermal mucous cells (Ogino et al., 1970b; Günther and Meyer-Burgdorff, 1990).
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): Depigmentation, anemia, anorexia, reduced growth, hypersensitivity, reduced hepatic acetyl CoA carboxylase (Robinson and Lovell, 1978; Lovell and Buston, 1984).
Tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes): Reduced growth and survival (Kato et al., 1994).
Japanese parrot fish (Oplegnthus faciatus): Reduced growth (Ikeda et al., 1988).
Shrimp: Reduced larval growth and survival in Penaeus japonicus (Kanazawa, 1985). Reduced weight gain, feed efficiency, and activities of pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl CoA carboxylase in P. monodon (Shiau and Chin, 1998).
