NutraFacts Online: References - AB

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• AAFCO. 1992. Official Publication of the Association of American Feed Control Officials Inc., Atlanta, Georgia.
• Abad, A.R., and J.F. Gregory. 1987. Determination of folate bioavailability with rat bioassay. J. Nutr. 117:866.
• Abawi, F.G., and Sullivan. 1989. Interactions of vitamins A, D3, E and K in the diet of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 68:1490.
• Abdelghany, A.E. 1996. Growth response of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to dietary L-ascorbic acid, L-ascorbyl-2-sulfate, and L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 27:449-455.
• Abdelghany, A.E. 1998. Feed efficiency, nutrient retention and body compositon of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., fed diets containing L-ascorbic acid, L-ascorbyl-2-sulphate or L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate. Aquacul. Res., 29:503-510.
• Abdouli, H., and D.M. Schaefer. 1986. Effect of two dietary niacin concentrations on ruminal fluid free niacin concentration and of supplemental niacin and source of inoculum on in vitro microbial growth, fermentative activity and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pool size. J. Anim. Sci. 62:254.
• Abel, H., and C. Gomez, 1997, unpublished data; Inst. Agri. Nutr., Göttingen, Germany.
• Abrams, J.T. 1952. Livestock and their environments: Sunlight and vitamin D. Vet. Rec. 64:151.
• Abrams, J.T. 1978. Nutrient deficiencies in animals: Vitamin D. In "Handbook Series in Nutrition and Food. Section E: Nutritional Disorders" (M. Rechcigl, Jr., ed). Vol. 2, p. 179. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
• Aburto, A., and W.M. Britton. 1998a. Effects and interactions of dietary levels of vitamins A and E and cholecalciferol in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 77:666.
• Aburto, A., and W.M. Britton. 1998b. Effects of different levels of vitamins A and E on the utilization of cholecalciferol by broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 77:570.
• Aburto, A., H.M. Edwards, Jr. and W.M. Britton. 1998. The influence of vitamin A on the utilization and amelioration of toxicity of cholecalciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol in young broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 77:585.
• Ackerman, U. 1989. Practical Canine Dermatology. American Veterinary Publ., Inc.
• Adams, C.R. 1982. Folic acid, thiamin and pyridoxine. In "Vitamins-The Life Essentials." National Feed Ingredient Association (NFIA), Des Moines, Iowa.
• Adams, C.R., and C.R. Zimmerman. 1984. A new look at beta-carotene in dairy feeds. Feedstuffs. 56(11):35.
• Adams, C.R., H.J. Eoff and C.R. Zimmerman. 1975. Protecting feeds from vitamin E and A deficits in light weight, moldy and blighted corn. Feedstuffs 47(36):24.
• Adams, C.R. 1973. Effect of environmental conditions on the stability of vitamins in feeds. In "Effect of Processing on the Nutritional Value of Feeds." National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
• Adams, C.R. 1978. Vitamin product forms for animal feeds. In "Vitamin Nutrition Update-Seminar Series 2." RCD 5483/1078. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey.
• Adams, R.S., J.H. Sautter, W. Guilick, and J.E. Gander. 1959. Some effects of feeding various filled milks to dairy calves. IV. Necropsy findings, electrocardiographic studies and creatinuria ratio. J. Dairy Sci. 42:1580.
• Adams.C.R., C.E. Richardson and T.J. Cunha. 1967. Supplemental biotin and vitamin B6 for swine. J. Anim. Sci. 26:903. (Abstr.)
• Adeola, O., J.I. Orban, D. Ragland, T.R. Cline and A.L. Sutton. 1998. Phytase and cholecalciferol supplementation of low-calcium and low-phosphorus diets for pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78:307-313.
• Adron, J.W., Knox, D., Cowey, C.B., and Ball, G.T. 1978. Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. The pyridoxine requirement of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Br. J. Nutr., 40:261-268.
• Afonsky, D. 1954. Folic acid deficiency in the dog. Science 120:803.
• Agboola, H.A., V.R. Cahill, H.R. Conrad, H.W. Ockerman, C.F. Parker, N.A. Parrett, and A.R. Long. 1990. The effect of individual and combined feeding of high monosodium phosphate and alpha tocopherol supplemented milk replacer diets and an alternate protein diet on muscle color composition and cholesterol content of veal. J. Anim. Sci. 68:117.
• Agrawal, N.K., and Mahajan, C.L. 1983. Pathology of vitamin B6 deficiency in Channa (Ophiocephalus) punctatus Bloch. J. Fish Diseases, 6:439-450.
• Agricultural Research Council 1981. The nutrient requirements of pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, England.
• Agricultural Research Council. 1984. The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. Supplement No. 1. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureauxy, Slough, England.
• Aguirre, P., and Gatlin, D.M. III. 1999. Dietary vitamin C requirement of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. Aquacult. Nutr., 5:247-249.
• Ahlswede, L., and H. Konermann. 1980. Erfahrungen mit der oralen und parenteralen Applikation von Beta-Carotin beim Pferd. Der Praktische Tierarzt 61:47.
• Ahmed, F., D.B. Jones, and A.A. Jackson. 1990. The interaction of vitamin A deficiency and rotavirus infection in the mouse. Br. J. Nutr. 63:363.
• Aiello, R. 1979. Specifications for vitamin premix ingredients. In "Vitamin Nutrition Update-Seminar Series 2." RCD 5483/1078. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey.
• Akand, A.M., Sato, M., Yoshinaka, R., and Ikeda, S. 1993. Effect of graded levels of dietary ascorbic acid on mobilization of calcium and phosphorus in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. In Kaushik, S.J., and Luquet, P. (Editors), "Fish Nutrition in Practice." Proceedings, IV International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding, Biarritz, France, June 24-27, 1991. Les Colloques, No. 61. INRA, Paris. Pp. 883-889.
• Akhtar, P., Gray, J.I., Cooper, T.H., Garling, D.L., and Booren, A.M. 1999. Dietary pigmentation and deposition of alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids in rainbow trout muscle and liver tissue. J. Food Sci., 64:234-239.
• Akiyama, D.M., Dominy, W.G., and Lawrence, A.L. 1992. Penaeid shrimp nutrition. In Fast, A.W., and Lester, L.J. (Editors), "Marine Shrimp Culture: Principles and Practices." Elsevier, New York. Pp. 535-568.
• Akordor, F.Y., J.B. Stone, J.S. Walton, K.E. Leslie, and J.B. Buchanan-Smith. 1986. Reproductive performance of lactating Holstein cows fed supplemental beta-carotene. J. Dairy Sci. 69:2173.
• Albrektsen, S., Hagve, T.A., and Lie, Ø. 1994. The effect of dietary vitamin B6 on tissue fat contents and lipid composition in livers and gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 109A:403-411.
• Albrektsen, S., Lie, Ø., and Sandnes, K. 1988. Ascorbyl palmitate as a dietary vitamin C source for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Aquaculture, 71:259-268.
• Albrektsen, S., Sandnes, K., Glette, J., and Waagbø, R. 1995. Influence of dietary vitamin B6 on tissue vitamin B6 contents and immunity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquacult. Res., 26:331-339.
• Albrektsen, S., Waagbø, R., and Sandnes, K. 1993. Tissue vitamin B6 concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase (AspT) activity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed graded dietary levels of vitamin B6. Fisk. Dir. Skr. Ser. Ernaering, 6:21-34.
• Alexis, M.N., Karanikolas, K.K., and Richards, R.H. 1997. Pathological findings owing to the lack of ascorbic acid in cultured gilthead bream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture, 151:209-218.
• Alexis, M.N., Nengas, I., Fountoulaki, E., Papoutsi, E., Andripoulou, A., Koutsodimou, M., and Gabaudan, J. 1999. Tissue ascorbic acid levels in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fingerlings fed diets containing different forms of ascorbic acid. Aquaculture, 179:447-456.
• Ali, A., D.G. Morrical, M.P. Hoffman and M.F. Al-Essa. 1999. Evaluation of vitamin E and selenium supplementation in late gestation on lamb survival and pre-weaning growth. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (Suppl. 1):245.
• Ali, B.H., T. Hassan, I.A. Wasfi and A.I. Mustafa. 1984. Toxicity of furazolidone to Nubian goats. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 26:197-200.
• Al-Khalifa, A.S., and Simpson, K.L. 1988. Metabolism of astaxanthin in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 91B:563-568.
• Allen, B.V. 1978. Serum folate levels in horses with particular reference to the English Thoroughbred. Vet. Rec. 103:257.
• Allen, B.V. 1984. Dietary intake and absorption of folic acid in the horse. Proc. Assoc. Vet. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 8:118.
• Allen, P. C. 1988. Physiological basis for carotenoid malabsorption during coccidiosis. In "Proc. 1988 Maryland Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers," p. 18. College Park, Maryland.
• Allen, P.C. 1997. Production of free radical species during Eimeria maxima infections in chickens. Poult. Sci. 76:814.
• Allen, P.C., H.D. Danforth, V.C. Morris and O.A. Levander. 1996. Association of lowered plasma carotenoids with protection against cecal coccidiosis by diets high in n-3 fatty acids. Poult. Sci. 75:966.
• Allen, W.M., R. Bradley and S. Berrett. 1975. Degenerative myopathy with myoglobinuria in yearling calves. Br. Vet. J. 131:292.
• Almquist, H.J. 1971. Vitamin K group VI: Standardization of activity. In "The Vitamins" (W.H. Sebrell, Jr. and R.S. Harris, eds.) p. 418. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
• Almquist, H.J. 1978. Effect of nutrient deficiencies in animals: Vitamin K. In "Handbook Series in Nutrition and Foods, Section E: Nutrition Disorders," Vol. 2 (M. Rechcigl, Jr., ed.) p. 195. CRC Press, Inc., West Palm Beach, Florida.
• Alstad, A.D., H.H. Casper, and L.J. Johnson. 1985. Vitamin K treatment of sweet clover poisoning in calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 187:729.
• Alves de Oliveira, L., C. Jean-Blain, S. Komisarczuk-Bony, A. Durix and C. Durier. 1997. Microbial thiamin metabolism in the rumen simulating ferementer (RUSITEC): the effect of acidogenic conditions, a high sulfur level and added thiamin. Br. J. Nutr. 78:599-613.
• Alves de Oliveira, L., C. Jean-Blain, V. Dal Corso, V. Benard, A. Durix and S. Komisarczuk-Bony. 1996. Effect of a high sulfur diet on rumen microbial activity and rumen thiamin status in sheep receiving a semi-synthetic, thiamin free-diet. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 36:31-42.
• Amcoff, P., Borjeson, H., Lindeberg, J., and Norrgren, L. 1998. Thiamine concentrations in feral Baltic salmon exhibiting the M74 syndrome. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp., 21:82-89.
• Ameenuddin, S., M.L. Sunde, H.F. DeLuca and M.E. Cool. 1986. Excessive cholecalciferol in a layers diet, decline in some aspects of reproductive performance and increased bone mineralization of progeny. Brit. Poult. Sci. 27:671.
• Amerio, A., Ruggi, C., Rovelli, R.M., and Völker, L. 1998. Ascorbic aid availability from ascorbyl 2-polyphosphate and ascorbyl 2-sulfate in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 1599:233-237.
• Ames, S.R. 1979. Biopotencies in rats of several forms of alpha-tocopherol. J. Nutr. 109:2198-2204.
• Amezaga, M.R., and Knox, D. 1990. Riboflavin requirements in on-growing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 88:87-98.
• Ammerman, C.B., and S.M. Miller. 1972. Biological availability of minor mineral ions: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 35:681.
• Ammerman, C.B., P.R. Henry, and P.R. Loggins. 1982. Cobalt bio-availability in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 55 (Suppl. 1):403.
• Amyes, S.J.G., P.M.M. Roberts, and P.P. Scott. 1975. The effect of age on the blood and liver folate concentrations of laboratory animals. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 34:25A.
• An, B.K., K. Tanaka and S. Ohtani. 1995. Effects of dietary vitamin B6 levels on lipid concentration and fatty acid composition in growing chicks. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 8:627.
• Anderson, G.C., and A.C. Hogan. 1950. Requirement of the pig for vitamin B12. J. Nutr. 40:243-250.
• Anderson, H.D., C.A. Elvehjem, and J.E. Gonce, Jr. 1939. Vitamin E deficiency in dogs. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 42:750.
• Anderson, H.D., C.A. Elvehjem, and J.E. Gonce, Jr. 1940. A comparison of the nutritive values of raw, pasteurized and evaporated milks for the dog. J. Nutr. 20:433.
• Anderson, L.E., R.O. Myer, J.H. Brendemuhl and L.R. McDowell. 1995a. The effect of excessive dietary vitamin A on performance and vitamin E status in swine fed diets varying in dietary vitamin E. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1093-1098.
• Anderson, L.E., R.O. Myer, J.H. Brendemuhl and L.R. McDowell. 1995b. Bioavailability of various vitamin E compounds for finishing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 73:490-495.
• Anderson, L.E., R.O. Myer, J.H. Brendmuhl and L.R. McDowell. 1997. Effect of injected vitamin A and level of dietary vitamin E on alpha-tocopherol status in gestating swine. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 37:213.
• Anderson, M.D., V.C. Speer, J.T. McCall and V.W. Hays. 1966. Hypervitaminosis A in the young pig. J. Anim. Sci. 25:1123.
• Anderson, P.A., D.H. Baker and S.P. Mistry. 1978. Bioassay determination of the biotin content of corn, sorghum and wheat. J. Anim. Sci. 47:654-659.
• Anderson, P.A., D.H. Baker, P.A. Sherry, and J.E. Corbin. 1979. Choline-methionine interrelationship in feline nutrition. J. Anim. Sci. 49:522.
• Anderson, P.H., S. Berrett, and D.S.P. Patterson. 1976. Some observations on "paralytic myoglobinuria" of cattle in Britain. Vet.Rec. 99:316.
• Anderson, R. 1984. The immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of ascorbate. Adv. Nutr. Res., 6:19-45.
• Anderson, R., and P.T. Lukey. 1987. A biological role for ascorbate in the selective neutralization of extracellular phagocyte-derived oxidants. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 49:229.
• Anderson, W.I., W.C. Rebhun and A. de Lahunta. 1991. The opthalmic and neuro-opthalmic effects of a vitamin A deficiency in young steers. Vet. Med. (11) 1143-1148.
• Andrews, E.D. 1956. Cobalt deficiency. N.Z.J. Agric. 92:239.
• Andrews, E.D., and J.P. Anderson. 1954. Responses of cobalt-deficient lambs to cobalt and vitamin B12. N.Z.J. Sci. Tech. A35:483.
• Andrews, E.D., L.I. Hart, and B.J. Stephenson. 1960. Vitamin B12 and cobalt in livers from grazing cobalt-deficient lambs and from others given various cobalt supplements. N.Z.J. Agric. Res. 3:364.
• Andrews, E.D., W.J. Hartley, and A.B. Grunt. 1968. Selenium-responsive diseases of animals in New Zealand. N.Z. Vet. J. 16:3.
• Andrews, J.W., and Murai, T. 1975. Studies on the vitamin C requirements of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J. Nutr., 105:557-561.
• Andrews, J.W., and Murai, T. 1978. Dietary niacin requirements of channel catfish. J. Nutr., 108:1508-1511.
• Andrews, J.W., and Murai, T. 1979. Pyridoxine requirements of channel catfish. J. Nutr., 109:533-537.
• Andrews, J.W., Murai, T., and Page, J.W. 1980. Effects of dietary cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol on catfish. Aquaculture, 19:49-54.
• Anggawati-Satyabudhy, A.M., Grant, B.F., and Halver, J.E. 1989. Effects of L-ascoryl phosphates (AsPP) on growth and immunoresistance of rainbow trout (Oncornhynchus mykiss) to Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) virus. In Takeda, M., and Watanabe, T. (Editors), "The Current Status of Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture," pp. 411-426.
• Anglesea, J.D., and Jackson, A.J. 1985. Thiaminase activity in fish silage and moist fish feed. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 13:39-36.
• Anonymous. 1996a. The Finnstim Briefing. Cultor Ltd. Finnsugar Bioproducts, Helsinki, Finland, 64 pp.
• Anonymous. 1996b. The Betafin Briefing, Vol. 1. Finnsugar Bioproducts, Inc., Schaumburg, Il, 92 pp.
• Anonymous. 1998. Kavist stabilized vitamin K3. Vanetta publication. 4pp.
• Anonymous. 1991. Vitamins. In "Encyclopedia of Food Science and Technology," Vol. 4, Part 1-8. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.
• Anonymous. 1977. Vitamin A and retinal-binding protein in fetal growth and development of the rat. Nutr. Rev. 35:305.
• Anonymous. 1993. The newly discovered retinoic acid-x receptors. Nutr. Rev. 51:81.
• Anonymous. 1961. "Vitamin Manual," p. 53. Upjohn, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
• Anonymous. 1996. Folic acid fortification. Nutr. Rev. 54(No. 3):94-95.
• Antopol, W., and I.M. Tarlov. 1942. Experimental study of the effects produced by large doses of vitamin B6. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1:330.
• Antunes, L.M. et al. 1998. Effects of high doses of vitamins C and E against doxorubicin-induced chromosomal damage in Wistar rat bone marrow cells. Mutat. Res. 419(1-3):137-143.
• Aoe, H., and Masuda, I. 1967. Water-soluble vitamin requirements of carp. II. Requirement for p-aminobenzoic acid and inositol. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 33:674-680.
• Aoe, H., Abe, I., Saito, T., Fukawa, H., and Koyama, H. 1972. Preventive effects of tocols on muscular dystrophy of young carp. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 38:845-851.
• Aoe, H., Masuda, I., and Takeda, T. 1967a. Water-soluble vitamin requirements of carp - III. Requirement for niacin. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 33:681-685.
• Aoe, H., Masuda, I., Saito, T., and Komo, A. 1967b. Water-soluble vitamins requirements of carp. I. Requirement for vitamin B 2. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 33:355-360.
• Aoe, H., Masuda, I., Minura, T., Saito, T., and Komo, A. 1968. Requirement of young carp for vitamin A. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 34:959-964.
• Applegate, T.J., and J.L. Sell. 1996. Effect of dietary linoleic and linolenic acid ratio and vitamin E supplementation on vitamin E status of poults. Poultry Sci. 75:881.
• Arai, S., Nose, T., and Hashimoto, Y. 1972. Qualitative requirements of young eels Anguilla japonica for water soluble vitamins and their deficiency symptoms. Bull. Freshw. Fish. Res. Lab., 22:69-83.
• Aréchiga, C.F., O. Oritz and P.J. Hansen. 1994. Effect of prepartum injection of vitamin E and selenium on postpartum reproductive function of dairy cattle. Theriogenology 41:6.
• Aréchiga, C.F., C.R. Staples, L.R. McDowell and P.J. Hansen. 1998. Effects of timed insemination and supplemental beta-carotene on reproduction and milk yield of dairy cows under heat stress. J. Dairy Sci. 81:390-402.
• Arends, L.G., et al., 1971. Effect of Supplemental Biotin on Reproductive Performance of Turkey Breeder Hens and its Effect on the Subsequent Progeny's Performance. Poultry Sci. 50:208.
• Arnold, A., and C.A. Elvehjem. 1939. Nutritional requirements of dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 95:187.
• Arnold, R.N., K.K. Scheller, S.C. Arp, S.N. Williams, DR. Buege and D.M. Schaefer. 1992. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3055.
• Arnold, R.N., S.C. Arp, K.K. Scheller, S.N. Williams and D.M. Schaefer. 1993. Tissue equilibration and subcellular distribution of vitamin E relative to myoglobin and lipid oxidation in displayed beef. J. Anim. Sci. 71:105.
• Arnrich, L., E.M. Lewis, and A.F. Morgan. 1952. Growth of dogs on purified diet plus aureomycin and/or vit. B12. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 80:401.
• Arthur, J.R. 1988. Effects of selenium and vitamin E status on plasma creatine kinase activity in calves. J. Nutr. 118:747-755.
• Ascarelli, I., Z. Edelman, M. Rosenberg, and S. Folman. 1985. Effect of dietary carotene on fertility of high yielding dairy cows. Anim. Prod. 40:195.
• Aseltine, M. 1990. Practical applications of vitamin nutrition in dairy cattle. In "Proc. 1990 Nat'l. Feed Ingred. Assoc. Nutr. Inst.: Development in Vitamin Nutrition and Health Application.," Kansas City, Missouri. National Feed Ingredients Association (NFIA), Des Moines, Iowa.
• Ashgar, A., et al., 1991. Effects of supranutritional dietary vitamin E levels on subcellular deposition of alpha-tocopherol in the muscle on pork quality. J. Sci. Food Agric. 57:31.
• Ashley, L.M., Halver, J.E., and Smith, R.R. 1975. Ascorbic acid deficiency in rainbow trout and coho salmon and effects on wound healing. In Ribelin, W.E., and Migaki, G. (Editors). "The Pathology of Fishes," pp.769-786.
• Ashok, A., Sunita Rao, D., and Raghuramulu, N. 1998. Vitamin D is not an essential nutrient for rora (Labeo rohita) as a representative of freshwater fish. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 44:195-205.
• Ashraf, M., Simpson, K.L., Bengtson, D.A., Barrows, R., and Maugle, P.D. 1996. Effect of dietary ascorbic acid vitamin supplements on growth and survival of striped bass, Morone saxatilis, and inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, larvae. Pakistan J. Zool., 28:185-189.
• Aslam, S.M., J.D. Garlich and M.A. Qureshi, 1998. Vitamin D deficiency alters the immune response of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 77:842.
• Aslan, S., J. Handler and K. Arbeiter. 1998. Early pregnancy and embryonic/fetal mortality in the cow-luteal dynamics, progesterone, vitamin E, vitamin B12, carotene and folic acid concentrations in peripheral blood. Wien. Tierarzt. Mschr. 85:141-147.
• Asmar, J.A., N.J. Daghirn, and H.A. Azar. 1968. The effects of pyridoxine deficiency on the lymphatic organs and certain blood components of the neonatal chicken. J. Nutr. 95:153.
• Astrup, H.N., and A. Langebrekke. 1985. The effect of a high level of vitamin E and of a ration with hydrogenated free fatty acids upon pork quality. Meldinger Fra Norges Landbrukshogskole 64(21):6.
• Atkins, K.B., R.A. Erdman, and J.H. Vandersall. 1988. Dietary choline effects on milk yield and duodenal choline flow in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 71:109.
• Atkinson, R.L., K.K. Krueger, J.W. Bradley, J.R. Couch and W.F. Kreuger. 1976. Relationship of supplemental biotin, protein level, and grain source to reproductive performance of turkeys. Nutr. Reports Int. 13:225.
• Atkinson, R.L., et al., 1976. Relationship of Supplemental Biotin, Phosphorus Level and Calcium Level to Reproductive Performance of Turkeys. Nutr. Rep. Int. 13:237.
• Augustine, P.C., and M.D. Ruff. 1983. Changes in carotenoid and vitamin A levels in young turkeys infected with Eimeria meleagrimitis or Eimeria adenoeides. Avian Diseases 27:963.
• Augustine, P.C., J.L. McNaughton, E. Virtanen, and L. Rosi. 1997. Effect of betaine on the growth performance of chicks inoculated with mixed cultures of avian Eimeria species and on invasion and development of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina in vitro and in vivo. Poult. Sci. 76:802.
• Axelrod, A.E. 1971. Immune processes in vitamin deficiency states. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 24:265.
• Axelrod, A.E., M.A. Lipton, and C.A. Elvehjem. 1941. Riboflavin deficiency in the dog. Am. J. Physiol. 133:555.
• Axelrod, H.E., A.F. Morgan, and S. Lepkovsky. 1945. The fate of tryptophan in pyridoxine-deficient and normal dogs. J. Biol. Chem. 160:155.
• Axelsson, S. 1991. Origin and significance of acetylcholine and choline in plasma and serum from normal and paretic cows. J.Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 38:737.

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• Baalsrud, K.J., and G. Overnes. 1986. The influence of vitamin E and selenium supplements on antibody production in horses. Eq. Vet. J. 18:472.
• Babinszky, L., D.J. Langhout, M.W.A. Verstegen, L.A. den Hartog, P. Joling and N. Niewland. 1991a. Effect of vitamin E and fat sources in sow's diets on immune response of suckling and weaned piglets. J. Anim. Sci. 69:1833-1842.
• Babinszky, L., D.J. Langhout, M.W.A. Verstegen, L.A. den Hartog, P. Joling and N. Niewland. 1991b. Effect of alpha-tocopherol and dietary fat source on some blood and immunological variables in lactating sows. Anim. Prod. 52:367-375.
• Baboir, B.M. 1984. The respiratory burst of phagocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 73:599.
• Babu, S., and S.G. Skiikantia. 1976. Availability of folates from some foods. Am. J.Clin.Nutr. 29:376.
• Badwey, J.A., and M.L. Karnovsky. 1980. Active oxygen species and the functions of phagocytic leukocytes. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 49:695.
• Baer, R.J., M.R. Lentsch, D.J. Schingoethe, R.J. Madison-Anderson and K.M. Kasperson. 1996. Characteristics of milk and reduced fat chedder cheese from cows fed extruded soybeans and niacin. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1127-1136.
• Baggs, R.B., A. deLaHunta, and D.R. Averill. 1978. Thiamine deficiency encephalopathy in a specfic-pathogen-free cat colony. Lab. Anim. Sci. 28:323.
• Bahr, V., K. Mobius, A. Redmann and W. Oelkers. 1996. Ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol depletion inhibit aldosterone stimulation by sodium deficiency in the guinea pig. Endocr. Res. 22:595-600.
• Bai, S., and Lee, K-J. 1998. Different levels of dietary dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate affect the vitamin E status of juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Aquaculture, 161:405-414.
• Bai, S.C., and Gatlin, D.M. III, 1993. Dietary vitamin E concentration and duration of feeding affect tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 113:129-135.
• Bai, S.C., D.A. Sampson, J.G. Morris, and Q.R. Rogers. 1989. Vitamin B6 requirement of growing kittens. J. Nutr. 119:1020.
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