Fish & shrimp

DSM Vitamin Supplementation Guidelines 2022 for Animal Nutrition

Fish & shrimps

Added per kg air-dry feed. Local legal limits need to be observed.

Category/Phase

Vit. A

Vit. D₃

250HD₃ (Hy•D)

Vit. E

Vit. K₃

Vit. B₁

Vit. B₂

Vit. B₆

Vit. B₁₂

Niacin

Biotin

Pantothenic acid

Folic acid

Vit. C ⁽⁶⁾

Choline

Astaxanthin

(IU/kg)

(mcg/kg)

(mg/kg)

(Thiamin) mg/kg

(Riboflavin) mg/kg

(Pyridoxine) mg/kg

(Cyanocobalamin) (mg/kg)

(mg/kg)

Salmon/Trout⁽²⁾

4,000 – 8,000

2,500 – 8,000

80 – 800

200 – 600⁽⁵⁾

8 – 12

15 – 30

25 – 40

20 – 35

0.17 – 0.25

150 – 200

1.0 – 1.2

40 – 60

10 – 15

200 – 1,000⁽⁷⁾

500 – 4,000

50 – 100⁽⁸⁾

Tilapia⁽²⁾⁽⁹⁾

8,000 – 11,000

1,500 – 2,000

–

100 – 750

5 – 10

10 – 20

15 – 20

15 – 25

0.02 – 0.05

80 – 120

0.5 – 1.0

40 – 50

10 – 20

150 – 1,500

600 – 1,200

Carp⁽²⁾

8,000 – 11,000

1,500 – 2,000

–

100 – 900

5 – 10

10 – 20

15 – 20

15 – 25

0.02 – 0.05

80 – 120

0.5 – 1.0

40 – 50

4 – 7

150 – 400

600 – 1,800

Catfish⁽²⁾

8,000 – 11,000

1,500 – 2,000

–

100 – 300

5 – 10

10 – 20

15 – 20

15 – 25

0.02 – 0.05

80 – 120

0.5 – 1.0

40 – 50

4 – 7

150 – 1,000

600 – 1,100

Seabass/Seabream⁽²⁾

8,000 – 12,000

1,700 – 2,200

–

200 – 400

8 – 12

20 – 30

20 – 25

0.1 – 0.2

100 –140

0.8 – 1.0

50 – 100

4 – 6

150 – 200

600 – 1,000

50 – 150

Eel⁽²⁾

8,000 – 12,000

1,500 – 2,000

–

150 – 300

3 – 6

15 – 25

20 – 30

10 – 15

0.1 – 0.2

80 – 120

0.3 – 0.5

50 – 60

4 – 6

150 – 900

800 – 1,200

Shrimp⁽³⁾

7,000 – 12,000

4,000 – 6,500⁽⁴⁾

–

150 – 300

40 – 60

50 – 150

40 – 80

50 – 175

0.02 – 0.05

100 – 250

1.0 – 2.25

100 – 180

10 – 20

250 – 500

600 – 6,500

50 – 200

⁽²⁾ Amount to be increased by 30% for fry and broodstock
⁽³⁾ At low stock density (<10pl/m2) the lower levels are recommended
⁽⁴⁾upper level for low salinity rearing
⁽⁵⁾ Additional 200 mg/kg may be required to optimise flesh quality dependent on dietary fat levels
⁽⁶⁾ Use ROVIMIX® STAY-C®35 for reducing losses during processing
⁽⁷⁾ During winter feeding for wound healing and immune function: total 1000 mg/kg feed
⁽⁸⁾ For flesh pigmentation
⁽⁹⁾ Amount to be increased by 30-50% during winter period

Conversion Factors

Vitamin (active substance)	Unit	Conversion factor (active substance form to vitamin form)
Vitamin A (retinol)	IU	1 IU Vitamin A = 0.344 μg Vitamin A acetate (retinyl acetate)
Vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol)	IU	1 IU Vitamin D₃ = 0.025 μg Vitamin D₃
25OHD₃(25 hydroxy- cholecalciferol)	mg	1 μg 25OHD₃ = 40 IU Vitamin D₃
Vitamin E (tocopherol)	mg	1 mg Vitamin E = 1 mg dl-α-Tocopheryl acetate
Vitamin K₃ (menadione)	mg	1 mg of Vitamin K₃ = 2.3 mg of Menadione Nicotinamide Bisulfite (MNB)
Vitamin B₁ (thiamine)	mg	1 mg of Vitamin B₁ = 1.088 mg of Thiamine mononitrate
Vitamin B₂ (riboflavin)	mg
Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)	mg	1 mg Vitamin B₆ = 1.215 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride
Vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin)	mg
Vitamin B₃ (Niacin)	mg	1 mg Nicotinic acid = 1 mg niacin 1 mg Nicotinamide (or Niacinamide) = 1 mg Niacin
Vitamin H or B₇ (D-Biotin)	mg	1 mg of Biotin = 1 mg D-Biotin
Vitamin B₅ (D-Pantothenic acid)	mg	1 mg d-Pantothenic acid = 1,087 mg Calcium d-Pantothenate or 2.174 mg Calcium dl-pantothenate
Vitamin B₉ (Folic acid)	mg
Vitamin C	mg	1 mg Vitamin C = 1 mg L-Ascorbic acid
Astaxanthin	IU