LNFP I (Lacto-N-fucopentaose I) is a highly abundant, α1-2 fucosylated HMO in human milk. GlyCare™ LNFP I is presently undergoing development.
Clinical studies suggest a relationship between HMOs and some immune outcomes in infants. Emerging science suggest that specific HMOs at the correct level of supplementation may help to reduce the risk of certain infections in infants consuming infant formula and in infants who are breastfed.
Emerging evidence from preclinical studies suggest that LNFP I may support immune health via inhibition of pathogen adherence to the intestinal cell wall1,2,3 and antimicrobial effects via binding to toxins4,5,1.
Clinical and preclinical studies report that HMOs may help to stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria, which are believed to be important for development of the microbiota and gut health. Evidence from preclinical studies suggests LNFP I may have a role in gut health via its positive impact on growth of bifidobacteria which are considered to be beneficial in gut health6,7.
1. Crane, J. K., Azar, S. S., Stam, A., & Newburg, D. S. (1994). Oligosaccharides from Human Milk Block Binding and Activity of the Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin (STa) in T84 Intestinal Cells. The Journal of Nutrition, 124(12), 2358–2364. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/124.12.2358
2. Lindenberg, S., Sundberg, K., Kimber, S. J., & Lundblad, A. (1988). The milk oligosaccharide, lacto-N-fucopentaose I, inhibits attachment of mouse blastocysts on endometrial monolayers. Journals of Reproduction & Fertility, 83.
3. Brassart, D., Woltz, A., Golliard, M., & Neeser, J. R. (1991). In vitro inhibition of adhesion of Candida albicans clinical isolates to human buccal epithelial cells by Fucα1→2Galβ-bearing complex carbohydrates. Infection and Immunity, 59(5), 1605–1613. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.59.5.1605-1613.1991
4. El-Hawiet, A., Kitova, E. N., Kitov, P. I., Eugenio, L., Ng, K. K. S., Mulvey, G. L., … Klassen, J. S. (2011). Binding of Clostridium difficile toxins to human milk oligosaccharides. Glycobiology, 21(9), 1217–1227. https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwr055
5. El-Hawiet, A., Kitova, E. N., & Klassen, J. S. (2015). Recognition of human milk oligosaccharides by bacterial exotoxins. Glycobiology, 25(8), 845–854. https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwv025
6. Asakuma, S., Hatakeyama, E., Urashima, T., Yoshida, E., Katayama, T., Yamamoto, K., Kumagai, H., Ashida, H., Hirose, J., and Kitaoka, M. (2011). Physiology of consumption of human milk oligosaccha- rides by infant gut-associated bifidobacteria. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286(40):34583–34592.
7. Zhao, C., Wu, Y., Yu, H., Shah, I. M., Li, Y., Zeng, J., Liu, B., Mills, D. A., and Chen, X. (2016). The one-pot multienzyme (OPME) synthesis of human blood group H antigens and a human milk oligosac- charide (HMOS) with highly active Thermosynechococcus elongatus α1-2- fucosyltransferase. Chemical Communications, 52(20):3899–3902.
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