Vitamin C

dsm-firmenich ESSENTIAL PRODUCTS

Vitamin C: a powerful antioxidant

The term vitamin C includes compounds with L-ascorbic acid activity. The functions of ascorbic acid are related to its redox properties, it is a cofactor and protector of different enzymes, it is involved in the reduction of trace minerals and acts as an antioxidant  

Quantities above the minimum requirements are necessary to potentiate its antioxidant role. Furthermore, vitamin C is needed for the development of bones and eggshells and increases the capacity for the healing of wounds.

ROVIMIX® STAY-C®35 has been developed specifically to meet the unique demands of animal production, such as pelleting  as well as the extrusion process used in aquaculture to produce feeds for salmon and trout and systems using submerged feeds such as shrimp. Nevertheless the technology applied for manufacturing ROVIMIX® STAY-C®35 ensures outstanding bioavailability for all species.

For more information on dsm-firmenich Vitamin Supplementation Guidelines.

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dsm-firmenich ProductContent (min.)Formulation TechnologyApplication
ROVIMIX® STAY-C® 3535% of total phosphorylated ascorbic acid activity (350 g/kg)Spray-dried powderMash, Pellet, Expansion, Extrusion
STAY-C® 5050% of total phosphorylated sodium salt ascorbic acid activity (500 g/kg)Fine crystalline powderMash, Pellet, Expansion, Extrusion, Milk replacer/Water
ROVIMIX® C-EC97.5% (975 g/kg)ethyl-cellulose coated powderMash, Pellet, Milk replacer/Water

Selected species

Main functions:

  • Intracellular (water-soluble) antioxidant
  • Immune system modulation: stimulation of phagocytosis
  • Egg shell membrane formation
  • Formation of collagen, connective tissues, cartilage and bones
  • Synthesis of corticosteroids and steroid metabolism
  • Conversion of vitamin D3 to its active form 1,25(OH)2D3

Deficiency symptoms:

  • Lower resistance to stress (e.g., low/high temperatures)
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Reduced immune response
  • Hemorrhages of the skin, muscles and adipose tissues
  • Reproductive failures

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Main functions:

  • Intracellular (water-soluble) antioxidant
  • Immune system modulation: stimulation of phagocytosis
  • Collagen biosynthesis
  • Formation of connective tissues, cartilage and bones
  • Synthesis of corticosteroids and steroid metabolism
  • Conversion of vitamin D3 to its active form 1,25(OH)2D3

Deficiency symptoms:

  • Weakness, fatigue and dyspnea
  • Bone pain
  • Haemorrhages of the skin, muscle and certain organs
  • Reduced fertility in both males (reduced sperm quality) and females (termination of corpus luteum)

Related Publications

Related Downloads

Main functions:

  • Intracellular (water-soluble) antioxidant
  • Immune system modulation (phagocytosis stimulation)
  • Collagen biosynthesis
  • Formation of connective tissues, cartilage and bones
  • Synthesis of corticosteroids and steroid metabolism
  • Conversion of vitamin D3 to its active form 1,25(OH)2D3

Deficiency symptoms:

  • Lower resistance to stress (e.g., low/high temperatures)
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Reduced immune response
  • Haemorrhages of the skin, muscles and adipose tissues

Related Publications

Related Downloads

Importance of Vitamin C in farmed fish

Vitamin C is crucial in farmed fish. Fish are unable to synthesize vitamin C themselves, so it must be obtained through their diets. Vitamin C is needed for:

  • Growth and development
  • Reproduction
  • Wound healing
  • Resistance to disease and immune system strength

ROVIMIX® STAY-C®35 has been developed specifically to meet the unique demands of aquaculture, ensuring outstanding bioavailability for all species.

The supplement is unaffected by the extrusion systems used to produce feeds for species such as salmon and trout. It also maintains high bioavailability in systems that use submerged feeds (such as shrimp production).

Whatever the fish species, ROVIMIX® STAY-C®35 delivers exceptional bioavailability combined with proven cost-effectiveness.

Main functions:

  • Intracellular antioxidant
  • Immune system modulation
  • Collagen synthesis
  • Formation of connective tissues, cartilage and bones
  • Synthesis of corticosteroids
  • Conversion of vitamin D to its active form

Deficiency symptoms:

  • Abnormal swimming (ataxia)
  • Ascites
  • Black death syndrome (shrimp)
  • Deformities (spinal, jaws), lordosis, twisted gill opercula
  • Erosion
  • Eye pathology: cataract
  • Gill pathological changes
  • Hemorrhages of the skin, musculature and adipose tissue
  • Lethargy
  • Loss of equilibrium
  • Organ pathological changes (pancreas, kidney, liver, intestine)
  • Loss of appetite: anorexia
  • Reduced bone collagen, Scoliosis
  • Skin: depigmentation, dark skin coloration, loss of scale
  • Lower resistance to stress

Related Publications

Related Downloads

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