Effects of mycotoxins on animals are diverse and range from carcinogenicity, hepatoxicity and neurotoxicity to impaired reproduction, digestive disorders, immunomodulation and decreased performance. Clinical signs can be seen at high levels of mycotoxin contamination but more frequently we observe subclinical effects. Already moderate levels of mycotoxins, especially during chronic exposure, can negatively affect the animals. Mycotoxins influence the immune system, the integrity of the gut barrier and act as predisposing factors for disease. Use the filters to find out more on the negative impact of mycotoxins in the different species.
See results of the six well known mycotoxins in finished feed for poultry, swine and aquaculture as well as in TMR for ruminants in the different regions of the word.
Until December, 23,808 samples were collected and analyzed from 95 countries around the world, and the report is now available for you to download.
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| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 244 | 244 | 244 | 244 | 244 | 244 |
| % Contaminated samples | 25% | 89% | 78% | 2% | 82% | 5% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 37 | 30 | 437 | 17 | 652 | 6 |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 7 | 15 | 307 | 13 | 211 | 3 |
| Maximum (ppb) | 511 | 381 | 2353 | 33 | 6080 | 14 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| % Contaminated samples | 15% | 100% | 85% | 15% | 100% | 8% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 1 | 20 | 741 | 12 | 531 | 2 |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 1 | 7 | 133 | 12 | 509 | 2 |
| Maximum (ppb) | 2 | 94 | 5857 | 13 | 1029 | 2 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 802 | 829 | 857 | 811 | 779 | 736 |
| % Contaminated samples | 31% | 85% | 70% | 46% | 79% | 17% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 5 | 32 | 302 | 20 | 420 | 6 |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 2 | 19 | 184 | 15 | 145 | 3 |
| Maximum (ppb) | 100 | 1329 | 2298 | 110 | 36719 | 63 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 723 | 723 | 723 | 723 | 723 | 723 |
| % Contaminated samples | 71% | 58% | 60% | 37% | 95% | 47% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 23 | 81 | 368 | 26 | 1454 | 9 |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 14 | 33 | 310 | 23 | 890 | 5 |
| Maximum (ppb) | 228 | 2985 | 5308 | 91 | 10199 | 53 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 271 | 207 | 260 | 82 | 286 | 43 |
| % Contaminated samples | 8% | 52% | 19% | 12% | 57% | 21% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 6 | 70 | 624 | 27 | 808 | 220 |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 4 | 45 | 570 | 23 | 570 | 238 |
| Maximum (ppb) | 21 | 385 | 2470 | 50 | 3430 | 506 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 |
| % Contaminated samples | 3% | 95% | 91% | 0% | 72% | 2% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 102 | 27 | 680 | 255 | 8 | |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 69 | 14 | 592 | 82 | 8 | |
| Maximum (ppb) | 183 | 401 | 2156 | 0 | 2415 | 8 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 1061 | 1256 | 1230 | 1020 | 1043 | 1008 |
| % Contaminated samples | 14% | 81% | 70% | 43% | 41% | 21% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 6 | 26 | 214 | 17 | 155 | 5 |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 3 | 14 | 105 | 11 | 58 | 3 |
| Maximum (ppb) | 118 | 423 | 5475 | 654 | 3240 | 59 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 223 | 223 | 223 | 223 | 223 | 223 |
| % Contaminated samples | 34% | 59% | 81% | 7% | 90% | 8% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 43 | 66 | 473 | 13 | 615 | 2 |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 3 | 37 | 237 | 12 | 400 | 1 |
| Maximum (ppb) | 864 | 443 | 10962 | 20 | 5393 | 4 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| % Contaminated samples | 0% | 29% | 94% | 16% | 19% | 0% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 176 | 321 | 2 | 250 | ||
| Median of positives (ppb) | 21 | 271 | 3 | 245 | ||
| Maximum (ppb) | 0 | 1020 | 1660 | 4 | 401 | 0 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 95 | 97 | 98 | 22 | 98 | 33 |
| % Contaminated samples | 15% | 43% | 21% | 0% | 36% | 3% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 3 | 60 | 355 | 353 | 200 | |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 2 | 37 | 359 | 216 | 200 | |
| Maximum (ppb) | 6 | 216 | 616 | 0 | 1234 | 200 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| % Contaminated samples | 3% | 97% | 93% | 0% | 77% | 0% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 4 | 31 | 819 | 177 | ||
| Median of positives (ppb) | 4 | 19 | 670 | 50 | ||
| Maximum (ppb) | 5 | 202 | 4301 | 0 | 4020 | 0 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| % Contaminated samples | 0% | 60% | 60% | 0% | 70% | 0% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 89 | 1402 | 454 | |||
| Median of positives (ppb) | 85 | 1082 | 277 | |||
| Maximum (ppb) | 0 | 174 | 4472 | 0 | 1413 | 0 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 344 | 358 | 352 | 263 | 274 | 271 |
| % Contaminated samples | 27% | 82% | 74% | 35% | 67% | 13% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 4 | 101 | 444 | 38 | 338 | 8 |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 3 | 34 | 337 | 23 | 156 | 5 |
| Maximum (ppb) | 33 | 10392 | 3398 | 374 | 3001 | 57 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 174 | 174 | 174 | 174 | 174 | 174 |
| % Contaminated samples | 84% | 35% | 33% | 16% | 36% | 25% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 44 | 214 | 659 | 24 | 1324 | 9 |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 26 | 51 | 450 | 19 | 700 | 4 |
| Maximum (ppb) | 445 | 3088 | 7031 | 61 | 16970 | 108 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 310 | 310 | 310 | 310 | 310 | 310 |
| % Contaminated samples | 3% | 43% | 93% | 1% | 15% | 5% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 3 | 187 | 1044 | 70 | 493 | 4 |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 1 | 133 | 762 | 70 | 269 | 4 |
| Maximum (ppb) | 10 | 2631 | 6450 | 70 | 2952 | 7 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 83 | 83 | 83 | 16 | 83 | 15 |
| % Contaminated samples | 8% | 46% | 39% | 0% | 34% | 7% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 3 | 167 | 433 | 303 | 200 | |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 3 | 141 | 248 | 204 | 200 | |
| Maximum (ppb) | 6 | 631 | 1870 | 0 | 853 | 200 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| % Contaminated samples | 95% | 41% | 27% | 0% | 86% | 50% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 817 | 10 | 89 | 1357 | 11 | |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 80 | 5 | 57 | 267 | 4 | |
| Maximum (ppb) | 8023 | 54 | 259 | 0 | 14920 | 47 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| % Contaminated samples | 15% | 62% | 38% | 3% | 77% | 7% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 1 | 30 | 123 | 28 | 355 | 8 |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 1 | 7 | 78 | 28 | 210 | 7 |
| Maximum (ppb) | 3 | 258 | 402 | 56 | 2214 | 16 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 |
| % Contaminated samples | 74% | 56% | 26% | 0% | 88% | 50% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 61 | 74 | 205 | 211 | 3 | |
| Median of positives (ppb) | 5 | 53 | 110 | 103 | 2 | |
| Maximum (ppb) | 427 | 358 | 781 | 0 | 1170 | 16 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
| Afla | ZEN | DON | T2 | FUM | OTA | |
| Number of samples | 42 | 42 | 42 | 10 | 42 | 10 |
| % Contaminated samples | 12% | 26% | 19% | 0% | 26% | 0% |
| Average of positives (ppb) | 2 | 44 | 413 | 176 | ||
| Median of positives (ppb) | 1 | 34 | 430 | 35 | ||
| Maximum (ppb) | 3 | 151 | 633 | 0 | 977 | 0 |
This color indicates the risk posed to this species by the prevalence and concentration of each mycotoxin in all finished samples from this region (yellow=moderate to red=extreme)
Co-contamination of crops with several mycotoxins is very likely. This co-occurrence can lead to even more detrimental effects on the animals, so called additive (dashed black line) and synergistic (red line) effects (Abbreviation figure “Synergistic effects of mycotoxins”: FA – Fusaric acid; DAS – Diacetoxyscirpenol; CPA – Cyclopiazonic acid; MON – Moniliformin).
Poultry
Effects of mycotoxins on the health of poultry
Meaning of abbreviations:
DON: Deoxynivalenol | ZEN: Zearalenone | AFB1: Aflatoxin B1 | FUM: Fumonisins | T-2: T-2 Toxin | HT-2: HT-2 Toxin | NIV: Nivalenol | DAS: Diacetoxyscirpenol | OTA: Ochratoxin A | Ergots: Ergot Alkaloids
Swine
Effects of mycotoxins on the health of swine
Meaning of abbreviations:
DON: Deoxynivalenol | ZEN: Zearalenone | AFB1: Aflatoxin B1 | FUM: Fumonisins | T-2: T-2 Toxin | HT-2: HT-2 Toxin | NIV: Nivalenol | DAS: Diacetoxyscirpenol | OTA: Ochratoxin A | Ergots: Ergot Alkaloids
Ruminants
Effects of mycotoxins on the health of ruminants
Meaning of abbreviations:
DON: Deoxynivalenol | ZEN: Zearalenone | AFB1: Aflatoxin B1 | FUM: Fumonisins | T-2: T-2 Toxin | HT-2: HT-2 Toxin | NIV: Nivalenol | DAS: Diacetoxyscirpenol | OTA: Ochratoxin A | Ergots: Ergot Alkaloids
Fish
Effects of mycotoxins on the health of fish
Meaning of abbreviations:
DON: Deoxynivalenol | ZEN: Zearalenone | AFB1: Aflatoxin B1 | FUM: Fumonisins | T-2: T-2 Toxin | HT-2: HT-2 Toxin | NIV: Nivalenol | DAS: Diacetoxyscirpenol | OTA: Ochratoxin A | Ergots: Ergot Alkaloids
Shrimp
Effects of mycotoxins on the health of shrimp
Meaning of abbreviations:
DON: Deoxynivalenol | ZEN: Zearalenone | AFB1: Aflatoxin B1 | FUM: Fumonisins | T-2: T-2 Toxin | HT-2: HT-2 Toxin | NIV: Nivalenol | DAS: Diacetoxyscirpenol | OTA: Ochratoxin A | Ergots: Ergot Alkaloids
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The dsm-firmenich Mycotoxin Survey constitutes the longest running and most comprehensive data set on mycotoxin occurrence. The survey results provide insights on the incidence of the six major mycotoxins in the agricultural commodities used for livestock feed in order to identify the potential risk posed to livestock animal production.
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